Getting prequalified is the single most important step an Australian civil construction SME can take to access government work — and the system is more navigable than it appears. With a $242 billion public infrastructure pipeline stretching to 2029[1] and 98.6% of Australia’s 462,939 construction businesses classified as small,[2] prequalification serves as both gatekeeper and gateway to the largest sustained investment programme in the nation’s history. The challenge for SMEs bidding on contracts in the $50K–$2M range is that prequalification operates across overlapping national, state, and agency-specific schemes — each with its own thresholds, categories, and compliance obligations. This guide maps every scheme relevant to civil construction SMEs in NSW, Queensland, and Victoria, explains exactly what each requires, and identifies the recent policy shifts reshaping the landscape in 2025–26.
The Austroads National Prequalification System classifies contractors by complexity, not contract value
The foundation of civil construction prequalification across Australia is the Austroads National Prequalification System (NPS), now in its 2025 Edition.[3] The NPS provides a harmonised framework for classifying contractors who wish to tender for road and bridge construction contracts with state and territory road agencies. A critical misconception — one that trips up many first-time applicants — is that the road and bridge categories correspond to dollar thresholds. They do not.
The NPS separates technical capability from financial capacity into two independent dimensions. Road categories (R1–R5) and bridge categories (B1–B4) are defined by the technical complexity and risk profile of the work. Dollar thresholds are handled entirely through a separate system of Financial Levels (F0.25 through F150 PLUS). A contract advertised as “R2/B1 F2” means the roadwork complexity matches R2, the bridge complexity matches B1, and the contractor needs financial capacity of at least $2 million.[4]
Road categories ascend by technical complexity. R1 covers minor rural or semi-urban works — earthworks to a maximum 2 metres in cut or fill, simple granular pavements with sprayed seal, and minor culverts on roads with fewer than 2,000 vehicles per day (AADT). R2 adds low-complexity intersections, earthworks up to 5 metres, and simple asphalt pavements on roads with AADT between 2,000 and 5,000. R3 introduces complex urban intersections, mechanically stabilised earth walls to 5 metres, deep-lift asphalt, and AADT of 5,000–40,000. R4 covers major works including grade-separated intersections, heavy-duty asphalt, and AADT of 40,000–100,000. R5 — the highest level — encompasses complex motorway interchanges, slipform concrete paving, and AADT exceeding 100,000.[5]
Bridge categories run B1 through B4 — notably, there is no B5. B1 covers large culverts, simple footbridges, and single-span road bridges. B2 adds standard multi-span bridges with prestressed concrete or steel girders. B3 introduces post-tensioned cast-in-situ elements and deep piling. B4 covers major cable-stayed structures, post-tensioned concrete box girders, and complex marine foundations.[5]
Financial levels determine your maximum contract value
The financial levels that actually set dollar thresholds are as follows:[6]
| Financial level | Maximum contract value (incl. GST) |
| F0.25 | $250,000 |
| F1 | $1,000,000 |
| F2 | $2,000,000 |
| F5 | $5,000,000 |
| F10 | $10,000,000 |
| F15–F150 | $15M to $150M in increments |
| F150 PLUS | Unlimited |
F0.25, F1, and F2 are optional levels — not every jurisdiction uses them. For an SME targeting the $50K–$2M range, F1 or F2 financial levels combined with R1 or R2 road categories will cover most available work. The preliminary financial capacity is calculated as five times assessed working capital (current assets minus current liabilities), with risk overlays capping capacity at no greater than 12.5 times net tangible assets. A minimum Quick Ratio of 0.8 is a hard requirement.[6]
Seven jurisdictions participate, with mutual recognition for core categories
All states and the ACT participate in the NPS through their respective road agencies: Transport for NSW (TfNSW), Department of Transport and Planning Victoria (DTP), Department of Transport and Main Roads Queensland (TMR), Main Roads Western Australia, the Department for Infrastructure and Transport South Australia, Department of State Growth Tasmania, and the ACT’s Procurement and Capital Works directorate.[3] The Northern Territory is the notable exception — it uses a separate Contractor Accreditation Limited (CAL) system.
Mutual recognition allows contractors with “Full” prequalification in road, bridge, and financial categories to seek recognition from other participating agencies by lodging a Registration Form. This is not automatic — contractors must actively apply to each additional jurisdiction. Importantly, mutual recognition does not extend to specialist categories, which include asphalt paving (A1/A2), concrete paving (K1/K2), pretensioned concrete (C1/C2), steel fabrication (CC3), and protective treatment (T).[7]
NSW operates four overlapping prequalification schemes that SMEs must navigate carefully
New South Wales runs the most layered prequalification landscape of any state. Civil construction SMEs need to understand which scheme applies to their target contract values, and the answer depends on whether the work is general construction or road and bridge construction specifically.
The $1M-and-under scheme: SCM0256 and the C5 Civil Works category
The Prequalification Scheme for General Construction Works valued up to $1 Million (SCM0256) is a whole-of-government mandatory scheme administered by NSW Public Works. It covers 22-plus work categories, runs until 31 December 2028, and is mandated under Procurement Board Direction PBD-2014-04C for all NSW Government agencies.[8]
The scheme operates on a two-tier structure. Registered suppliers are eligible for works valued up to $250,000 (excluding GST). Certified suppliers are eligible for works between $250,000 and $1 million.[9] If a contractor wants both tiers, two separate applications are required.
The C5 Civil Works category — the most relevant for civil construction SMEs — covers construction of minor and major civil engineering works comprising bulk earthwork, excavation, road work, car parks, trenching, pipe laying, and small water and sewerage treatment plants.[9] Application requirements include a minimum of two examples of relevant contracts completed in the last two years, referee reports, and WHS evidence. There is no fee to apply.
Transport for NSW and the Austroads NPS
For road and bridge work specifically, Transport for NSW implements the Austroads NPS and makes prequalification mandatory for all civil construction contracts with an estimated value greater than $250,000 (excluding GST).[10] The TfNSW guidelines were updated to Edition 2 Revision 9 in November 2025. TfNSW uses the full suite of R1–R5 road categories, B1–B4 bridge categories, F0.25–F150 PLUS financial levels, and eight specialist categories. Assessment is free and the prequalification period is three years, with renewal required at least six weeks before expiry.
The $1M–$9M mid-tier scheme and above
A separate prequalification scheme, SCM1461, covers construction and related work valued $1 million to $9 million (excluding GST). This scheme requires ISO 45001 and ISO 9001 certification but does not require ISO 14001.[8] For works over $9 million, the Procurement List SCM100002 applies, which adds ISO 14001 as mandatory and triggers the Enforceable Procurement Provisions under PBD-2019-05.
How the $250K threshold actually works for construction
A common source of confusion: the $250,000 direct negotiation threshold from PBD 2023-03 explicitly excludes construction. For construction work, the relevant small-business exemption is $50,000 (under PBD-2019-03), which allows agencies to engage a small business (1–19 FTE) for a construction contract up to $50K without requiring prequalification.[11] The $250K figure in the SCM0256 context is strictly the boundary between the Registered and Certified tiers — it is not a direct procurement threshold.
Victoria’s system layers prequalification with local content, fair jobs, and skills obligations
Victoria’s prequalification regime is distinctive because it stacks multiple independent policy obligations on top of the base prequalification requirement. A civil construction SME must hold the right prequalification, maintain a Fair Jobs Code certificate, prepare Local Industry Development Plans, and — for larger projects — meet apprentice hour commitments.
The Construction Supplier Register is for building work, not roads
The Construction Supplier Register (CSR), administered by the Department of Treasury and Finance, is Victoria’s whole-of-government prequalification scheme for building and construction — but it primarily covers building construction, not road and bridge work.[12] It offers three application pathways: Low Value Construction Works (contracts below $750,000 inclusive of GST), Supplier of Construction Works ($750,000 and above), and Supplier of Construction Services ($300,000 and above). Applications are free, assessed within 4–8 weeks.[13]
For civil road and bridge construction, Victoria uses the VicRoads Prequalification Scheme (renamed the DTP Roads Pre-qualification Register in December 2025) — a separate agency-specific register that implements the Austroads NPS.[14] This scheme was reviewed and updated in December 2025 with changes to prequalification levels, eligibility requirements, and application forms. It requires contractors to hold certification to either the CCF Management Code, ISO 9001/14001/45001, or be independently audited by a JAS-ANZ accredited auditor.
Fair Jobs Code threshold dropped to $1 million in September 2024
The Fair Jobs Code — introduced on 1 December 2022 — requires a pre-assessment certificate for suppliers bidding on government contracts. The critical detail for SMEs: the threshold was lowered from $3 million to $1 million (excluding GST) on 1 September 2024.[15] Significant subcontractors on contracts worth $1 million or more also now need certificates. The certificate is free, takes about 30 minutes to complete, and is valid for two years. For contracts of $20 million or more, a full Fair Jobs Code Plan is additionally required.[16]
Local Jobs First and the October 2025 policy reforms
The Local Jobs First Act 2003 (amended August 2018) mandates local content and jobs outcomes for government projects meeting threshold values: $1 million or more in regional Victoria and $3 million or more for metropolitan or statewide projects.[17] All applicable projects require a Local Industry Development Plan (LIDP), which must carry an ICN Acknowledgement Letter from ICN Victoria.[18]
The Local Jobs First Amendment Act 2025 received Royal Assent on 19 August 2025, with an updated policy published in October 2025.[19] Key reforms include strengthened compliance and enforcement (shifting from policy encouragement to enforceable obligations), enhanced Commissioner powers (effective by 1 July 2026), and LIDPs reinforced as binding documents.
Major Projects Skills Guarantee adds apprentice requirements at $20 million
The Major Projects Skills Guarantee (MPSG) applies to all Victorian Government construction projects valued at $20 million or more (inclusive of GST). Contractors must deliver at least 10% of total estimated labour hours using Victorian registered apprentices, trainees, or cadets.[20] Since the MPSG began in 2016, over 15 million hours of work have been done by local apprentices, trainees, and cadets.
Queensland’s dual system separates building from civil, and QPP 2026 has changed the rules
PQC covers building work above $1 million; TMR covers all civil road and bridge work
The Prequalification of Contractors (PQC) System — administered by the Department of Housing and Public Works — applies to government building projects valued at more than $1 million.[21] It uses financial categories 1–7 based on Net Tangible Assets (NTA-Govt), requires a minimum NTA-Govt of $156,000, a minimum current ratio of 1:1, a QBCC licence with maximum revenue for licensing of at least $3 million, and $20 million public liability insurance.[22]
For civil road and bridge construction, the Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR) implements the Austroads NPS. Crucially, TMR prequalification is mandatory for all civil construction contracts — there is no minimum value threshold, unlike PQC’s $1 million floor.[23] TMR adds Queensland-specific asphalt categories (A1–A4) beyond the national road and bridge categories.
QPP 2026 and the permanent removal of BPIC
The Queensland Procurement Policy 2026 (QPP 2026) took effect on 1 January 2026, replacing QPP 2023 and consolidating approximately 700 pages of procurement policy into roughly 50 pages.[24] The most significant change for construction SMEs is the permanent removal of Best Practice Industry Conditions (BPIC) — originally suspended on 14 November 2024 by the Crisafulli Government after Queensland Treasury estimated BPIC could increase project costs by up to 25%.[25]
With BPIC permanently removed, managing contractors still require standard PQC prequalification for building work, but subcontractors no longer need BPP prequalification — significantly expanding the pool of eligible firms and particularly benefiting regional, mid-tier, and SME contractors.[26]
The 30% SME participation target remains in force
Queensland’s 30% SME participation target — originally set at 25% from 1 July 2020 and increased to 30% by 30 June 2022 — is retained and reinforced under QPP 2026.[27] SMEs are defined as businesses employing fewer than 200 people. Enforcement mechanisms include a minimum 10% evaluation criteria weighting for Queensland SME status in formal tenders, set-aside procurements reserved exclusively for SMEs, and a direct engagement pathway allowing agencies to engage Queensland SMEs for up to $500,000 (including GST) without competitive tender.[28]
Financial assessment: what evaluators actually scrutinise and how SMEs can build their case
Financial prequalification is where many growing SMEs hit a wall. The assessment methodology is more formulaic than subjective, but understanding the formula reveals paths forward.
Across all Austroads NPS jurisdictions, the preliminary contract capacity equals five times assessed working capital. This capacity is then capped at 12.5 times net tangible assets, and a Quick Ratio of at least 0.8 is a minimum requirement.[6] The debt-to-equity ratio is benchmarked at 60/40 — assessors consider whether a contractor’s ratio is better or worse than this benchmark as a qualitative factor rather than a strict pass/fail gate.
For Queensland PQC, the financial assessment uses NTA-Govt (net tangible assets recognised by government) with detailed exclusions: trust-held assets, related-entity loans, personal items, and unlisted investments are all excluded.[22] The One-Third Rule means maximum revenue recognised by government must be at least three times the minimum project threshold.
Insurance requirements are broadly consistent: $20 million public liability is the standard minimum across all three states. Workers’ compensation insurance is mandatory everywhere. Professional indemnity insurance is required when design, engineering, or advisory services are part of the scope.
For SMEs without Tier 1 balance sheets, several strategies can strengthen applications. Incorporated joint ventures may apply as separate entities and draw on the financial and technical resources of supporting entities — the Austroads NPS explicitly recognises this.[7] Queensland’s PQC allows contractors to be invited to tender for contracts exceeding their maximum annualised contract value if they offer an additional unconditional undertaking.[21]
Certifications: the baseline requirements and the standards that separate tiers
The certification landscape for civil construction prequalification involves a mix of universally mandatory credentials and scheme-specific requirements that become compulsory at higher levels.
ISO certifications are functionally mandatory for most government construction work above $1 million, though the technical requirement varies by level. At R1/B1 under the Austroads NPS, an independently audited quality, WHS, and environmental management system meeting assessing-agency checklists is sufficient — full third-party ISO certification is not required. From R2/B2 upward, mandatory third-party certification by a JAS-ANZ accredited body to ISO 9001:2015 (quality), ISO 45001:2018 (occupational health and safety), and ISO 14001:2015 (environmental) is required.[29]
The White Card (CPCCWHS1001) — Australia’s mandatory construction induction training — is required for every person who enters an active construction site. It does not expire, but becomes void if the holder has not worked in construction for two consecutive years.[30]
Traffic management accreditation varies by state. In NSW, companies implementing traffic management on public roads must hold Category G accreditation from Transport for NSW.[31] Victoria operates a Temporary Traffic Management Accreditation programme through DTP.
The Office of the Federal Safety Commissioner (OFSC) WHS Accreditation Scheme applies to building work on Australian Government-funded projects where the head contract value is $4 million or more (GST inclusive) for directly funded projects.[32] Over 550 companies are currently accredited nationally. Accreditation is granted for three years.
Cm3 is a private-sector contractor WHS and compliance management platform, not a government scheme, but it is widely used by major organisations across construction, utilities, transport, and mining.[33] Operating since 2008, Cm3 assesses insurances, licences, WHS management via a Business Risk Profile, and chain-of-responsibility compliance. It functions as a portable certificate — once prequalified, a contractor is accepted by all participating client organisations.
Maintaining status and upgrading: the renewal cycle and common pitfalls
Prequalification is not a set-and-forget exercise. Each scheme imposes ongoing compliance obligations that, if neglected, can result in suspension or cancellation.
Under the Austroads NPS, prequalification is granted for three years with renewal required before expiry.[7] Financial information must be updated when requested, and financial assessment must be within the preceding six months before any contract award. Technical and experience updates are required at minimum every three years. Victoria’s CSR requires evidence at least annually of meeting financial and non-financial eligibility criteria.[13] Queensland’s PQC imposes performance reporting at 50% construction completion and post-practical completion for every project.[34]
Upgrading to higher prequalification levels requires demonstrating expanded technical experience through relevant completed projects at the higher level, enhanced management systems, and sufficient financial capacity assessed at the new target.[7]
Common reasons for rejection or downgrade include: insufficient net tangible assets, current ratio below minimums, unfavourable debt-to-equity ratios, lack of relevant project experience at the level applied for, inadequate management systems, poor performance reports on previous government contracts, breach of prequalification conditions, licensing issues, and WHS non-compliance. Queensland specifically excludes contractors using trust structures — NTA held as trustee is excluded from calculations.[22]
A $242 billion pipeline in an industry where almost every firm is small
The scale of opportunity is extraordinary. Infrastructure Australia’s 2025 Infrastructure Market Capacity Report (November 2025) pegged the major public infrastructure pipeline at $242 billion across FY2025 to FY2029 — its highest level since tracking began in 2020, up $29 billion (14%) from the previous year.[1] Transport projects account for $129 billion (more than half), building projects $77 billion, and utilities $36 billion.
State-by-state, Queensland has committed $116.8 billion in capital projects over four years (driven by 2032 Brisbane Olympics preparation), receiving the largest share of federal allocation at $16 billion.[35] NSW has allocated $86 billion over four years, with major projects including Sydney Metro West, Western Harbour Tunnel, and Coffs Harbour Bypass. Victoria’s infrastructure funding has contracted significantly in real terms — $18.4 billion less than the previous four-year period.
Against this pipeline, the construction workforce faces a projected shortfall of 300,000+ workers by mid-2027, according to Infrastructure Australia.[1] The industry remains overwhelmingly small-scale: of Australia’s 462,939 construction businesses (June 2025 ABS data), 98.6% employ fewer than 20 people.[2]
Conclusion
The prequalification landscape across NSW, Queensland, and Victoria rewards SMEs that invest time in understanding the precise boundaries of each scheme. The most consequential recent changes — Victoria’s Fair Jobs Code threshold drop to $1 million, Queensland’s permanent removal of BPIC and launch of QPP 2026, and the Austroads NPS 2025 Edition — have collectively lowered some barriers while raising compliance expectations in other areas.
For a civil construction SME targeting the $50K–$2M range, the practical starting points are clear: for road and bridge work, seek Austroads NPS prequalification at R1 or R2 with an appropriate financial level through your home state’s road agency; for general civil works in NSW, pursue SCM0256 C5 Civil Works at the Registered tier first; in Victoria, determine whether the CSR or DTP Roads Pre-qualification Register applies to your target work; in Queensland, confirm whether your work falls under TMR (civil) or PQC (building) jurisdiction.
The financial formula — five times working capital, capped at 12.5 times net tangible assets, Quick Ratio above 0.8 — is the equation every growing SME should model against its own balance sheet before applying. In an industry where a $242 billion pipeline meets a 300,000-worker shortage, the firms that get prequalified early position themselves to capture work that non-prequalified competitors cannot even bid on.
References
[1] Infrastructure Australia, “2025 Infrastructure Market Capacity Report,” November 2025. Available at: infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/reports/2025-infrastructure-market-capacity-report
[2] Master Builders Australia, “Our Industry,” 2025. Available at: masterbuilders.com.au/about-us/our-industry/
[3] Austroads, “National Prequalification System,” 2025 Edition. Available at: austroads.gov.au/infrastructure/national-prequalification
[4] Austroads, “Categories and Levels,” 2025. Available at: austroads.gov.au/infrastructure/national-prequalification/categories-and-levels
[5] Austroads, “Roadworks R1–R5 and Bridgeworks B1–B4 Category Descriptions,” 2025. Available at: austroads.gov.au/infrastructure/national-prequalification/categories-and-levels/roadworks-r1
[6] Austroads, “Financial Levels,” 2025. Available at: austroads.gov.au/infrastructure/national-prequalification/categories-and-levels/financial-levels
[7] Austroads, “How to Prequalify,” 2025. Available at: austroads.gov.au/infrastructure/national-prequalification/how-to-prequalify
[8] NSW Public Works, “NSW Government Construction Prequalification Schemes and Procurement Lists.” Available at: publicworks.nsw.gov.au/services/whole-of-government-contracts/NSW-Government-construction-prequalification-schemes-and-procurement-lists
[9] NSW Government, “Department of Regional NSW Construction Prequalification Scheme — SCM0256 Applicant Guidelines,” January 2024. Available at: info.buy.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/file/0009/588636/SCM1191-applicant-guidelines-01-2024.pdf
[10] Transport for NSW, “National Prequalification System for Civil (Road and Bridge) Construction Contracts — Guidelines,” Edition 2, Revision 9, November 2025. Available at: transport.nsw.gov.au/system/files/media/documents/2025/TfNSW-National-Prequalification-System-for-Civil-Road-and-Bridge-Construction-Guidelines.pdf
[11] NSW Government, “PBD-2019-03 — Access to Government Construction Procurement Opportunities by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises.” Available at: arp.nsw.gov.au/pbd-2019-03-construction-procurement-opportunities-SME
[12] Victorian Department of Treasury and Finance, “Construction Supplier Register.” Available at: dtf.vic.gov.au/construction-supplier-register
[13] Victorian Department of Treasury and Finance, “Applying for Pre-qualification onto the Construction Supplier Register.” Available at: dtf.vic.gov.au/applying-pre-qualification-construction-supplier-register
[14] Victorian Government, “Roads Pre-qualification Register,” December 2025. Available at: vic.gov.au/roads-pre-qualification-register
[15] Victorian Department of Jobs, Skills, Industry and Regions, “Fair Jobs Code.” Available at: djsir.vic.gov.au/about-us/overview/tenders-quotes-contracts/fair-jobs-code
[16] Buying for Victoria, “Fair Jobs Code: Pre-assessment Certificate Guidelines for Suppliers and Businesses.” Available at: buyingfor.vic.gov.au/fair-jobs-code-pre-assessment-certificate-guidelines-supplier-and-businesses
[17] Local Jobs First Policy, October 2025. Available at: localjobsfirst.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/219654/Local-Jobs-First-Policy-October-2025.pdf
[18] ICN Victoria, “VMC User Guide for Bidders,” Version 3.0. Available at: icn.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/VMC-User-Guide-for-Bidders-v3.0-08Jan21-2.pdf
[19] Local Jobs First, “Policy Updates and Transitional Arrangements,” 2025. Available at: localjobsfirst.vic.gov.au/about/policy-updates-and-transitional-arrangements
[20] Local Jobs First, “Major Projects Skills Guarantee.” Available at: localjobsfirst.vic.gov.au/agency-guidance/major-projects-skills-guarantee
[21] Business Queensland, “What is the Prequalification (PQC) System?” Available at: business.qld.gov.au/industries/building-property-development/building-construction/supply-queensland-government/prequalifying-major-projects/prequalification-system
[22] Queensland Department of Housing and Public Works, “PQC System — Contractor Financial Requirements.” Available at: hpw.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/3927/pqccontractorfinrequirements.pdf
[23] Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, “National Prequalification System for Civil (Road and Bridge) Construction — TIPDS Volume 3.” Available at: tmr.qld.gov.au/-/media/busind/techstdpubs/Project-delivery-and-maintenance/TIPDS/TIPDS_Volume3.pdf
[24] Queensland Government, “Queensland Procurement Policy 2026,” effective 1 January 2026. Available at: forgov.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/643197/qld-gov-procurement-policy-2026-accessible.pdf
[25] Queensland Government Ministerial Media Statement, “Construction productivity boosted with BPIC pause,” 14 November 2024. Available at: statements.qld.gov.au/statements/101618
[26] Queensland Government Ministerial Media Statement, “Biggest procurement shake-up in decades backs Queensland businesses in $35 billion spend,” 11 November 2025. Available at: statements.qld.gov.au/statements/103905
[27] Queensland Government, “Small and Medium Enterprise Procurement Target Guide.” Available at: forgov.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/188106/Small-medium-procurement-target-guide.pdf
[28] Queensland Government, “Guidelines for Working with SMEs.” Available at: forgov.qld.gov.au/finance-procurement-and-travel/procurement/buy-for-queensland-government/buying-categories/ict-products-and-services/guidelines-for-working-with-smes
[29] Austroads, “Prequalification Requirements,” 2025. Available at: austroads.gov.au/infrastructure/national-prequalification/prequalification-requirements
[30] National White Card Courses, “Construction White Card in Australia — CPCCWHS1001.” Available at: nwcc.edu.au/construction-white-card-australia-cpcwhs1001/
[31] AAA Traffic Control, “Category G Traffic Control in NSW — Why Accreditation Matters.” Available at: aaatrafficcontrol.com.au/category-g-traffic-control-in-nsw-why-accreditation-matters/
[32] Office of the Federal Safety Commissioner, “Scheme Accreditation.” Available at: fsc.gov.au/scheme-accreditation
[33] Cm3 Contractor Management, “About Us.” Available at: cm3.com.au/about-us/
[34] Queensland Government, “PQC System — Contractor Performance Reporting.” Available at: housing.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/3933/pqccontractorperformancereporting.pdf
[35] Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, “Australian Infrastructure Budget Monitor 2025–26.” Available at: infrastructure.org.au/policy-research/major-reports/australian-infrastru